ãMOOCãïŒã ãŒã¯ïŒã¯ãå¹ åºãåéã®è¬åº§ãã»ãŒãã¹ãŠç¡æã§åããããçºã人æã®è²æã倧åŠæè²ã§ã®æ®åãé²ãã§ããæè²ã®åšãæ¹ã倧ããå€ããå¯èœæ§ãç§ããŠããŸããMOOCã¯ãåè¬è ã«æéçã»çµæžçå¶çŽããã®è§£æŸã®ä»æ§ã ãªäŸ¿çããããããŸãããããããŸã å°å ¥æ®µéã®ãµãŒãã¹ã§ãããããã課é¡ãå€ã ããã®ãçŸç¶ã§ãã
ããã§ä»åã¯ãMOOCã®ãµãŒãã¹ãããããå©çšããããšæ€èšããŠããæ¹ã«åããŠããã®ã¡ãªãããåé¡ç¹ãæäŸãããŠãããµãŒãã¹ã®çŽ¹ä»ãããŠãããŸãã®ã§ãã²åèã«ããŠãã ããïŒ
MOOCãšã¯ïŒ
MOOCãšã¯ããMassive Open Online Courseãã®ç¥ã§ãæ¥æ¬èªèš³ãããšãã倧èŠæš¡å ¬éãªã³ã©ã€ã³è¬åº§ããšããèšãæ¹ã«ãªããŸãã2012幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§éå§ããäžççã«åºãŸã£ãŠãã£ããµãŒãã¹ã§ã倧åŠãç 究æ©é¢ãäŒæ¥ãªã©ãå¹ åºãåéã®å°éçãªè¬åº§ãé ä¿¡ããŠããŸãã
ãŸããMOCCã¯ãã»ãŒå šãŠã®è¬åº§ãç¡æã§åãããããã幎霢ãæ§å¥ãåŠæŽã«é¢ä¿ãªã誰ã§ãåè¬ã§ãããšããæ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽãããããã€ã§ãã©ãã«ããŠãå©çšããããšãã§ããŸããããã®ãããæè²ã«å€§ããªå€é©ãããããå¯èœæ§ãæã£ãŠããã倧åŠãäŒæ¥ã«ãããŠæŽ»çšããå§ããŠããŸããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãåæã«èšç«ããããCouseraããedxããUdacityããªã©ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãæåã§ãã
æ¥æ¬åœå ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ¥æ¬ãªãŒãã³ãªã³ã©ã€ã³æè²æšé²åè°äŒïŒJMOOCïŒã2013幎ã«èšç«ãããJMOOCãäž»äœãšããè€æ°ã®ããŒã¿ã«ãµã€ããç«ã¡äžãããããgaccoããOpen Learning,JapanããOUJ MOOCããFisdomããšãã4ã€ã®é ä¿¡ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ããæ§ã ãªè¬åº§ãé ä¿¡ãããŠããŸãã
MOOCã§ã®è¬åº§ä¿®äºã§åäœèªå®ãåŠäœååŸã¯å¯èœãïŒ
æéšç§åŠçã«ããã°ãMOOCãéããŠåè¬ããè¬åº§ãä¿®äºããå Žåãäžéšã®å€§åŠã§ã¯ååŸåäœãšããŠæç®ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããšããããŠããŸãããã®å Žåãèªå€§åŠã®è¬çŸ©ã ãã§ãªããä»å€§åŠã倧åŠä»¥å€ã®å£äœãäŒæ¥ãªã©ãäœæãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠãåäœèªå®ããããšã®ããšã§ãã
ããããªãããä¿®äºããããšã§åŠäœãååŸã§ãããšããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãèªå®åºæºãæºãããŠããè¬åº§ã¯ã倧åŠããä¿®äºèšŒã亀ä»ããŠããããããšããããŸãã
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãMOOCã§ã®ä¿®äºèšŒååŸçã¯ãŸã ãŸã äœãã§ããã倧åŠã®çºè¡ããå ¬åŒã®ä¿®äºèšŒã¯ä¿¡çšåºŠãé«ããšãããŠããŠãååŸãããããšã§èªèº«ã®ã¹ãã«ã®èšŒæã«ç¹ãããŸãããŸãããCourseraãããedXãã¯ææãªãã·ã§ã³ãšããŠä¿®äºèšŒãæäŸããŠããçºãä»åŸMOOCã®èªç¥åºŠãäžããã°å°±è·ã転è·ã®éã«ã¯ã¢ããŒã«ææãšããŠæŽ»çšã§ããŸãã
åç §:ïŒã倧åŠã«ãããå€æ§ãªã¡ãã£ã¢ãé«åºŠã«å©çšããææ¥ã«ã€ã㊠è æ¯ 1ã
MOOCã®ã¡ãªãã
MOOCã«ã¯äžè¬çãªå€§åŠãå¡Ÿã§ã¯å®çŸã§ããªãã¡ãªããããããããããŸããããã§ã¯ããããã®å©ç¹ã玹ä»ããŸãã
èªç±ã«åè¬ã§ãã
åºæ¬çã«ç¡æã§åè¬ããããšãã§ããMOOCã§ã¯ãåè¬è å±€ã®å¶éã¯ãããŠãããã誰ã§ãåããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§åããããšãã§ãããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®å©çšç°å¢ãããã°åè¬ããæéãå Žæãé¢ä¿ãªããå®å šã«èªç±ã«å©çšããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
çµæžçå¶çŽã®æé€
çµæžçãªçç±ã§å€§åŠã«éãããšãã§ããªãæ¹ã¯å€ãããã£ãããããšæããŸãããMOOCã¯ç¡æã®ãµãŒãã¹ã§ããããã誰ã§ãåŠã¶æ欲ããããã°åŠç¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãããMOOCã¯æè²æ Œå·®ã®æ¯æ£ãæšé²ããããšã®ã§ãããµãŒãã¹ã§ããããŸãã
è±å¯ãªè¬çŸ©å 容
äžççãªèå倧åŠãç·åçãªã©ãæäŸãããã€ã¬ãã«ãªè¬çŸ©ããITãªã©ã®å°éç¥èãããè³æ Œç²åŸãèªåŠååäžãç®æãããã®ã³ãŒã¹ãªã©ãšãã£ããããžãã¹åãã®ãã®ãªã©ãå€å²ã«ãããé åã®ã³ãŒã¹ãããããšã倧ããªé åã§ãã
ããããã®MOOCãµãŒãã¹ã«ãã£ãŠãæãã匷ã¿ã¯ç°ãªãããããäœãåŠã³ããã®ãããæ確ã«ããããã§ããµãŒãã¹ãéžå®ããããšãããããããŸãã
èšèªã®å£ãè¶ ããããšãã§ãã
MOOCã§ã¯ãè±èªã§è¡ãããææ¥ã«æ¥æ¬èªåå¹ã衚瀺ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããæµ·å€ã®å€§åŠã§åŠã³ãããè±èªã¯ããããªããšãã£ãæ¹ã®ããã®é æ ®ããªãããŠããŸãã
MOOCã®æ±ããïŒã€ã®èª²é¡
MOOCã¯æè²äœç³»ãå®å šã«æŽåãããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããããŸã 課é¡ã¯å€ããããŸããããããMOOCãå©çšããæ¹ã¯ãMOOCã®åé¡ç¹ãšãåãåãå¿ èŠãããã§ããããMOOCã®æ±ãã課é¡ã¯äž»ã«ä»¥äžã®ïŒã€ã«ãªããŸãã
ã»çµäºçãäœã
ã»ç¬ãã§åŠç¿ããããšã«ããåŒå®³
ãããã詳ãã説æãããŠããã ããŸãã
åŠäœã®ååŸã¯é£ãã
MOOCã¯å€§åŠã®ä»£æ¿ãµãŒãã¹ãšããŠå©çšã§ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããå¯äžå€§åŠã§ããåŸãããšã®ã§ããªããã®ãšããŠåŠäœããããŸãããã®ãã倧åãšããè©æžãæã«å ¥ããããšèããŠããå Žåã¯ãå€ãã®å Žå倧åŠã«éãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ããããä¿®äºèšŒã®çºè¡ãè¡ã倧åŠãå°æ°ã§ã¯ãããŸããååšããŠãããä»åŸMOOCã®æè²äœç³»ã確ç«ãããŠããããšã§ãã®ãããªå€§åŠãå¢å ããå¯èœæ§ã¯ååãããŸãã
ä¿®äºçãäœã
MOOCã®ä¿®äºçã¯10%ãšéåžžã«äœãæ°Žæºã§ãããããã«MOOCå©çšè ãå¢å ããŠãããªããã°ãMOOCã«ããåŠäœã®ååŸããµãŒãã¹ã®æ¡å€§ã¯é²ãã§ãããªãã§ãããããã®ãããMOOCã®èªç¥åºŠãäžããŠä¿®äºè ãå¢å ãããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ç¬ãã§åŠç¿ããããšã«ããåŒå®³
MOOCãšå€§åŠã»å¡Ÿã®åŠç¿ã®ç°ãªãç¹ãšããŠãåšãã®åãææ¥ãåããåè¬çã®æç¡ããããããŸããä»ã®åè¬çãããªãããšã«ãããäžæç¹ã¯èªå·±è§£æ±ºããªããã°ãªããŸããããäœããç¬ãã§å匷ããããšã¯ã¢ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã®ç¶æãé£ãããšããåé¡ç¹ããããŸãã
MOOCãµãŒãã¹ã®éžã³æ¹
ãµãŒãã¹ã«ãããç¹åããŠããåéãç¹æ§ã¯ããªãç°ãªããŸãããŸããæµ·å€ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãå©çšããããšã«ãããäžçã¬ãã«ã®ææ°ã®ã¹ãã«ã身ã«ä»ããããšãã§ããŸãã
MOOCã®ãµãŒãã¹ãæ倧éã«æŽ»çšããã«ã¯ããŸãèªèº«ãäœã身ã«ä»ãããã®ãããŸãã瀟å¡ã«äœã身ã«ä»ããŠæ¬²ããã®ããæ確ã«ããããããã®ç®çã«åã£ããµãŒãã¹ãéžãã§ã¿ãŠãã ããã
è±èªåŠç¿ã«ç¹åããMOOCãµãŒãã¹
æµ·å€èŠæš¡ã§ã®æŽ»èºãæãã®ã§ããã°ãè±èªåã¯å¿ é ã¹ãã«ã§ããè±èªåŠç¿ãå¹ççã«é²ããã«ããããMOOCã¯æé©ãªå匷ããŒã«ãšãããŸããäžèšã§ã¯ãè±èªåçºã®ãè±èªåŠç¿ã«åãå ¥ããŠãããã©ãããã©ãŒã ãããã€ãã玹ä»ããŸãã
FutureLearn

ãFutureLearnãã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã§40幎以äžã®å®çžŸã®ããOpen Universityãç«ã¡äžããã€ã®ãªã¹åã®MOOCãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã§ãã2013幎ã«é ä¿¡ãéå§ãããŸããã
ã»23ã®ããã倧åŠåã³ããªãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã«ãŠã³ã·ã«ã倧è±åç©é€šããŠãã¹ã³ãªã©ãšé£æº
ã»4000以äžã®ã³ãŒã¹ãåè¬å¯èœ
ã»ãã€ã¬ãã«ã®è±èªç¿åŸãå¯èœ
ã»ã»ãšãã©ã®è¬åº§ãç¡æã§åè¬å¯èœ
ã»çåŸå士ã§è©±ãåãããšãã§ãã
MOOEC

ãMOOECãã¯ãMassive Open Online English Courseã®ç¥ã§ããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢çºã®è±èªåŠç¿å°éã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã§ãã2013幎ã«èšç«ãããŸããã
ã»äž»ã«ãªã¹ãã³ã°ãšã¹ããŒãã³ã°ã«ç¹å
ã»CEFRãšããäžççãªèªåŠåã®åºæºã«åºã¥ããè¬çŸ©ã®ã¬ãã«åãããããŠãã
ã»èªèº«ã«åã£ãé©åãªã³ãŒã¹ãéžã¶ããšãå¯èœ
ã»å šãŠã®è¬çŸ©ãç¡æ
edX
ãedXãã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããŠæ倧ãšããããã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®1ã€ã§ãã2012幎ã«èšç«ãããŸããã
ã»äžçãããã¬ãã«ã®å°éè¬çŸ©ãè±èªã§åŠã¹ã
ã»è¬çŸ©å 容ã®ã¬ãã«ãéåžžã«é«ãçºãé«ã¬ãã«ã®è±èªåŠç¿ãæ±ããŠããæ¹ã«ãããã
ã»å šè¬çŸ©ç¡æã§åããããææãªãã·ã§ã³ãšããŠä¿®äºèšŒãååŸå¯èœ
é«åºŠãªå°éç¥èã«ç¹åããMOOCãµãŒãã¹
ç¶ããŠãäžçã®æå 端ã®å°éç¥èãç¡åã§åŸãããããããã®MOOCãµãŒãã¹ãã玹ä»ããŸãã
Udacity

ãUdacityãã¯ã2012幎ã«éèšããããå°é家åãã®MOOCãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
ã»ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ããŠã§ãéçºã®åéã«ç¹å
ã»äžçã§å¿ èŠãšãããŠããæè¡ãç¥èãåŠã¹ãã ãã§ãªããç°¡åãªãããžã§ã¯ãã«åå ã§ãã
ã»äžçã¬ãã«ã®è¬åž«ã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãåŸããã
ã»æªçµéšè ãåçŽãäžçŽãããã©ã³ãšãã4段éã«ã³ãŒã¹ãåãããŠãã
ã»è¬åº§ãä¿®äºãããšãããåŠäœããšããåŠäœãææãªãã·ã§ã³ãšããŠæäžã§ããïŒãããåŠäœãã¯è³æ Œãšåãã¬ãã«ã§ç€ŸäŒã«éçšãããã®ãšãããŠããïŒ
ã»å®è·µãæèããè¬åº§ãããã£ãŠãããIT人æã«ã¯ããããã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã
Coursera

ãCourseraãã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«æ倧çŽã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã§ã2012幎ã«èšç«ãããŸããã
ã»èªèº«ã«åã£ãè¬åº§ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ãã
ã»è¬åº§ã®å€èšèªåãžã®åãçµã¿ãããŠãã
ã»èªåŠåããªããŠãäžçäžã®è¬åº§ãåè¬å¯èœ
ã»ã»ãšãã©ã®è¬åº§ãç¡æ
Schoo

ãSchooãã¯ãæ ªåŒäŒç€ŸSchooã«ããèšç«ããããµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
ã»ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãwebãã¶ã€ã³ãªã©ãå®åã«æŽ»ããå®å©çãªè¬åº§ãåè¬å¯èœ
ã»ãããžãã¹ãã©ã³ããšããã¹ã¿ãŒãã©ã³ãã«å¥ããŠããŠãèªèº«ã®çµéšå€ããéžã¶ããšãã§ãã
ã»ç¡æã§åè¬ã§ããçæŸéã®è¬åº§ãæäŸ
OpenLearning

ãOpenLearningãã¯ã2012幎ã«èšç«ããããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢çºã®MOOCãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
ã»æ§ã ãªåéã®ãšãã¹ããŒãã®è¬åº§ãåè¬å¯èœ
ã»ãããšã«ãžã¥ã¢ã«ã®è¬åº§ãæ··åšããŠãã
ã»ç¡æã®è¬åº§ãæäŸ
è³æ Œãããžãã¹ã¹ãã«ã«ç¹åããMOOCãµãŒãã¹
å®åã§åœ¹ç«ã€ã¹ãã«ãæ軜ã«èº«ã«ä»ããããã®ã¯ãäŒç€Ÿã«ãšã£ãŠã瀟å¡ã«ãšã£ãŠãæãŸããããšã§ããæåŸã«ãè³æ Œãããžãã¹ã¹ãã«ã«ç¹ããå匷ãã§ããããããã®ãµãŒãã¹ãã玹ä»ããŸãã
Udemy

ãUdemyãã¯ã2009幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§èšç«ãããæ§ã ãªå°éã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããã®ã«æé©ãªãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
ã»éçºãITãããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ãããžãã¹ã¹ãã«ãªã©ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã«åããããŠãã
ã»ITç³»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãwebå¶äœã«åãå ¥ããŠãã
ã»Â¥1,270ããåè¬å¯èœ
Alison

ãAlisonãã¯ã2007幎ãšãã¡æ©ãèšç«ãããçºãMOOCã®å é§è ãšèšãããŠããŸãã
ã»750以äžã®è¬åº§ãåè¬å¯èœ
ã»ä»ã®ä»äºã§æé²ãããæ°ããä»äºãèŠã€ããçºã«å¿ èŠãªã¯ãŒã¯ã¹ãã«ã身ã«ã€ããããšãã§ã
ã»è±èªè¬åº§ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå å®ããŠãã
ã»ã¬ãã«å¥ã«è¬åº§ãéžæã§ãã
ã»ã»ãšãã©ã®è¬åº§ãç¡æ
æ¥æ¬åœå å¯äžã®ãµãŒãã¹JMOOCãšã¯ïŒ

JMOOCïŒäžè¬ç€Ÿå£æ³äººæ¥æ¬ãªãŒãã³ãªã³ã©ã€ã³æè²æšé²åè°äŒïŒãšã¯ãæ¥æ¬åœå ã§ã®MOOCã®æ®åãç®æãã2013幎ã«èšç«ããããåœå å¯äžã®MOOCãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
JMOOCã¯ãåœå 倧åŠãäŒæ¥ãªã©ãæäŸãããªã³ã©ã€ã³è¬åº§ãå ¬éããè€æ°ã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ããŸãšããŠããããã¹ãŠã®è¬åº§ãåè¬ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ãåè¬ç»é²ããããžã¿ã«åœ¢åŒã®ä¿®äºèšŒã®çºè¡ãŸã§ããã¹ãŠç¡æã§å©çšããããšãã§ããŸãããªãã«ã¯ãè¿œå æéãæ¯æãããšã§ããªãã·ã§ã³ãè¿œå ãããã察é¢ã§çŽæ¥è¬çŸ©ãåããããããããµãŒãã¹ããããŸãã
ã»æ¥æ¬äŒæ¥ãåŽåè ã®å®æ ã«å³ãã瀟äŒäººã®æè²ã«åãå ¥ããŠãã
ã»å€§åŠè¬åž«ã«ããå®è·µçãªããžãã¹ç ä¿®ããã°ã©ã ãæäŸ
ã»å šãŠç¡æã§åè¬ã§ããçµäºæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããšä¿®äºèšŒãååŸã§ãã
ã»å€§åŠã®åŠåé åã«å ããç°¿èšãå® å»ºãªã©ã®è³æ Œè©Šéšå¯Ÿçè¬åº§ãåãããã
JMOOCã§åè¬ã§ããïŒã€ã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã
â gacco

â¡OpenLearning, Japan

â¢OUJMOOC

ãããïŒã€ã®ãµãŒãã¹ã¯ãããããã®ãµã€ãã ãã§ãªããJMOOCãããé²èŠ§ãåè¬ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸãšã
MBAãè³æ Œãåãããã«ã¯ãäžå®æé倧åŠé¢ãè³æ ŒåŠæ ¡ã«éããªããã°ãªãããæéãè²»çšãªã©ã®ã³ã¹ããããããŸããäžæ¹ã§ããMOOCãã«ããè¬åº§ã¯ç©ºãæéã«æ軜ã«åè¬ã§ããè²»çšãã»ãšãã©ããããŸããã
ãŸãã倧åŠãå ¬åŒã«çºè¡ããä¿®äºèšŒãååŸããããšãã§ããã°ãèªèº«ã®ã¹ãã«ã蚌æãããã®ãšããŠãäŒæ¥ããã®ä¿¡çšãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãããMOOCãã¯ãæ°ããªäººææè²æ¹æ³ãšããŠä»äžçã§æ³šç®ãããŠãããå®çšåãããŠããŸããæ¯éãç®çã«ãã£ããµãŒãã¹ã掻çšãã人æã®è²æãèªèº«ã®ãã£ãªã¢ã¢ããã«åœ¹ç«ãŠãŠãã ããã
ãé¢é£èšäºã
ã人æè²æã®æåäºäŸãŸãšããå¹æçãªç€Ÿå¡ã»éšäžã®è²æææ³ãšã¯ïŒ
Off-JTã®æå³ãããæ¹ãçš®é¡ãªã©ãOff-JTã«ã€ããŠãŸãšããŸããã
1on1ããŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯ïŒå°å
¥ããã¡ãªãããé²ãæ¹ãªã©åŸ¹åºè§£èª¬
ã¡ã³ã¿ãŒå¶åºŠãå°å
¥ããã¡ãªãããå°å
¥äºäŸã泚æç¹ãªã©åŸ¹åºè§£èª¬ïŒ
MBOïŒç®æšç®¡çå¶åºŠïŒãšã¯ïŒOKRãšã®éããã¡ãªããã課é¡ãå¹æçãªæŽ»çšæ¹æ³
Googleãã¡ã«ã«ãªã掻çšããç®æšç®¡çææ³ãOKRããšã¯ïŒKPIã»MBOãšã®éããå°å
¥ã»éçšã®ãã€ã³ã
ã³ã³ããã³ã·ãŒè©äŸ¡ãšã¯ïŒäŒæ¥ãå°å
¥ããã¡ãªããããã¡ãªããã泚æç¹ãªã©åŸ¹åºè§£èª¬ïŒ
ã¿ã¬ã³ããããžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã 10éžæ¯èŒïŒæ©èœãç¹åŸŽãæéãªã©ããŸãšããŸããã
ããããã15éžãeã©ãŒãã³ã°(ã€ãŒã©ãŒãã³ã°)ãšã¯ïŒæ©èœãè²»çšãªã©åŸ¹åºæ¯èŒïŒ
人äºèª²é¡ããæã¡ã®ãæ åœè æ§ãž

ãæ®éã®éçšä»£è¡ãã§ã¯ãªãã
ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ãªã¯ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã«ããRPOãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
â æé¡20äžåïœãããäºç®ãšèª²é¡ã«å¿ããŠã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºåã§ãµãŒãã¹æäŸãå¯èœãæ¯æŽåŸã¯è¿œå è²»çšã®çºçäžåãªãã
â¡çŽ¯èš50瀟ååŒã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãæ§ã®å¥çŽç¶ç¶çã¯é©ç°ã®90ïŒ
è¶
ã
â¢ããããæ¡çšåªäœæŽ»çšå®çžŸã掻ããããã©ã³ãã³ã°ãå®è¡ã«ãããæ¡çšç®æšéæçã¯87ïŒ
è¶
ã
â£äžæµå·¥çšã®äŒç»ãããäžæµå·¥çšã®å®æ¥åãŸã§äžæ°é貫ã§æ¯æŽããã¡ããæ¡çšåºå ±ãããŒã·ãã¯ãã©ã³ããæäŸå¯èœã§ãã
â€ç¬èªã®æ¥çãªãµãŒãã§ãæ¥çå°éçšèªãåžå Žã«ãããã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ããžã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã培åºçã«ã€ã³ããããè¡ããŸãã
â¥ãšã³ãžãã¢ã»ããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ãã£ã¹ãã»ããžã¿ã«ããŒã±ã¿ãŒçãå°éè·çš®ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¯ãããžãŒé åå°éã®ã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ããæ
åœããŸãã
âŒãµãŒãã¹ã«é¢ãããåãåããã¯ãã¡ããã